I am a Materials Girl

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Steamboat Springs

Year after year, for spring break, everyone in Florida always goes skiing. Up until this past week, I was not one of these people. My dad has skied a couple times in his life, but other than that, no one in my family has ever skied before. After some thorough research about the best beginner mountains, we booked a trip to Steamboat Springs, Colorado. For first time skiers, I highly recommend working with an instructor! We learned everything from pizza to french fries and I was confidently skiing blues by the end of the trip. I do not know if my entire family can say the same (they definitely preferred the greens). Skiing is all about letting the skis guide you on the snow, and this made me think about the actual science behind skis. Materials science truly exists everywhere and I will, without a doubt, return to the slopes again soon!

The Science of the Skis

Skiing is as much science as it is skill. Skiing wouldn’t be the same without materials science—it’s what makes skis lighter, faster, and more durable. Most skis have a core made of wood or composites, which affects how they flex and respond on the slopes. The outer layers use materials like carbon fiber and fiberglass to keep them strong and light, while metal layers add stability for high-speed turns. Even the base of the ski is designed with special polymers to reduce friction and help you glide smoothly. With new materials and tech constantly being developed, skis are getting stronger, more efficient, and way more fun to ride. Ski clothing is also way more high-tech than it looks. Jackets and pants use waterproof but breathable materials like Gore-Tex to keep you dry without making you overheat. For warmth, some use synthetic insulation like Thinsulate (which still works even if it gets wet), while others use super lightweight down. Some next-level gear even has special materials that adjust to your body temp, so you don’t get too hot or too cold. Thanks to all these innovations, ski clothes keep getting better—lighter, warmer, and way more comfortable—so you can focus on shredding instead of freezing. Every part of skiing—from gear to the slopes—relies on materials science to improve performance, safety, and comfort. While there are definitely insane skiers out there, the science is just as important as their skill.

Works Cited

“The Science behind Skiing: From Innovations in Equipment to Modern Training Methods – FasterSkier.” Fasterskier.com, 2024, fasterskier.com/2024/07/the-science-behind-skiing-from-innovations-in-equipment-to-modern-training-methods/. Accessed 29 Mar. 2025.

“The Science of Layering.” Flylow Gear, 5 Nov. 2021, flylowgear.com/blogs/news/the-science-of-layering-for-skiing?srsltid=AfmBOorSHQpxqIw_S18k4i-ktGl3jJki7c4ktArxS1zvdHhiEi5VN2EP. Accessed 29 Mar. 2025.

State Finals

I have been playing soccer for as long as I can remember. Whether it was rec, club, or for school, I have always been on the field. I am currently a junior at The Benjamin School in Palm Beach Gardens, FL and have been a member of the varsity soccer team since freshman year. Our team has always been extremely talented, making it all the way to State Semifinals my freshman year and State Finals the year before I joined the team. After a devastating loss in the Regional tournament and losing our three leading goal scorers last year, a State Championship seemed out of reach. Despite having a rough start to the season, winning only four games in the regular season, we made it to the State Championship. Last week on February 28 we won 2-1 in overtime in the Semifinal match giving us the bid for the final game. This past Saturday, March 1, we won 1-0, taking home the State Championship title for the first time in program history at Benjamin. It felt like no one believed in us but ourselves, but that was all we needed to keep pushing forward. The State Championship was truly an unforgettable experience, and I love every single person on this team that I got to share it with.

Materials Science in Soccer

Materials science actually plays a crucial role in soccer, influencing everything from the ball to player equipment and even the field itself. Modern soccer balls are designed using synthetic leather with carefully engineered panel shapes and thermal bonding techniques to improve aerodynamics and durability. Cleats utilize lightweight yet strong materials like carbon fiber and advanced polymers to enhance speed, traction, and comfort. Beyond gear, materials science also affects stadium design, with high-tech turf systems combining natural grass with artificial fibers for optimal playability in various weather conditions. Our home field is synthetic turf, and might be the most slippery field I have ever played on. It is basically guaranteed for players on every visiting team to fall and slip on our field. Through constant innovation, materials science helps improve performance, safety, and the overall experience of the game.

The Preparation

Every year, my school allots time for anyone who did a summer science internship/research to present their work to the entire school during assembly. I knew I would inevitably partake in summer research, but I also knew I would never present. This past summer I did Materials Science and Engineering research at the University of Virginia, which you can read more about in my other blog post (University of Virginia Lab Research). The email rolled out asking if anyone had participated in research over the summer, and I remember telling my mom that I cannot respond to the email or else I will be forced to present. I happened to have the teacher in a Biotechnology class who was responsible for the presentations, and I let it slip that I worked in a lab over the summer at UVA. She was amazed by the work and really wanted me to share everything with the entire school. She assured me everything was going to be fine and was simply going to be a casual conversation between her and me. I ended up agreeing to do the presentation….which I am still in complete shock about. I continually practiced in front of her and other classmates until the day arrived. I was so scared for weeks until the day finally came, and so did a hurricane. This hurricane closed school for the day I was supposed to present, meaning I had to live with the anticipation for another whole month. I really just wanted to get it over with, but the extra time allowed me to fix my script even more and slow down my talking. In every practice session, my teacher’s only comment was to slow down. I talk so fast!

The Presentation

The day finally arrived, and my presentation was displayed on the large screen as we all filtered into the auditorium. I sat in the front row, listened to my introduction, walked onto the stage, and gave this long awaited presentation. It was so rewarding once it was over, and I am beyond proud of myself for going out of my comfort zone and speaking in front of the entire school. People in all of the classes I had after the assembly were constantly complimenting, and I am forever grateful for this teacher to help me with something of this level. I have always had a fear of public speaking, and I could not have done it without her! I would have loved to attach the video of the presentation, however, I am not sure if I am legally allowed to do that because of the other presenters and the fact that I do not actually own or recorded the video. I do have some pictures I would love to share of the people I presented with and the presentation itself!

UVA Lab Research

From July 13-August 7, I spent three and a half weeks at the University of Virginia. Each day we went to two classes. My morning class was a lab research and my afternoon class was an Oceanography course. (Funny enough, my mom had the same professor for Oceanography when she took the course in 1997.) Each day we went to the Energy Science and Nanotechnology Lab and learned about Materials Science, but more specifically, the Electrical Engineering branch of Materials Science with Professor Mona Zeberjardi and her PhD students. Together they helped us and taught us about what they were researching. We learned about insulators, conductors, semiconductors, and impurities and how electrical current/flow works. More specifically, how resistance and the seebeck effect affected different materials.

Materials Science and Engineering

Our main grad student was studying Bismuth Antimony and how its resistance can be used to cool down electronics from the inside. He showed us the steps to create a sample of this compound, and this process can take days at minimum. We went through the process of testing samples that were already made, instead of starting from the beginning. In a thermoelectric module lab we conducted, we measured the efficiency of different heat sources and heat sinks with voltage. A Thermoelectric Module with heat sensors on the top (heated side) and bottom (cool side) was put under different heat sources (hand, heat/solar lamp, and electrically heated ceramic block) to see the effects on temperature and voltage. This was then repeated with the heat sink placed in water, which is better at absorbing heat because the higher capacity water has compared to air for heat. As expected, the ceramic heater in water had the highest temperature difference and voltage. This was a great experience and it was interesting seeing the machinery and work of these researchers in a real lab setting!

The Trip

We recently got back from another trip out west. We went all over the Canadian Rockies visiting places including Glacier National Park, Banff, Jasper, and Vancouver. The trip lasted about two weeks and the best part, by far, was definitely the white water rafting in Banff. We rafted on the Kicking Horse River in southeastern British Columbia along rapids ranging from class two to five. We, of course, hiked in all of the National Parks, and stayed in some pretty cool hotels and resorts. I highly recommend the Jasper Lake Lodge and the Coeur d’Alene Resort in Idaho. This lake in Idaho surprisingly ended up being one of my favorite places as well. It was the cutest little town with great shopping! Vancouver also had a great shopping district! These northern locations tend to stay pretty cold all year long and there are many glaciers in the mountains. The Columbia Icefield is a well known group of glaciers in Jasper, and the largest icefield in the Rockies. The Athabasca Glacier is one of the six that make up the icefield, and you can actually walk on it. They have special cars that take people on the ice and we had the privilege of walking on the glacier. There are only 23 of these vehicles in the world, and the Columbia Icefield Adventures own 21 of them. The other two are in Antarctica for polar exploration and testing. The Athabasca Glacier, though, is full of its own interesting polar features.

The Glacier

When we were riding up the mountain, through the ice, I wondered why it looked dirty. The ice looked so much bluer from afar, but browner the closer we got. This vehicle took us to a part of the glacier safe to walk, not too easy though. Throughout the trip the tour guide mentioned tons of facts about the Athabasca Glacier, including what made it dirty in color. It’s called cryoconite, and overall not very beneficial for the glaciers. It is a powdery dust made of minerals and other small rocks, soot, and microbes (Baccolo). The darker color of the surface attracts more light and causes the glacier to melt faster (Baccolo). The accumulation of cryoconite increases the melting rate of the ice and lowers albedo (Baccolo). “Albedo is the fraction of light that a surface reflects. If it is all reflected, the albedo is equal to 1. If 30% is reflected, the albedo is 0.3” (“What Is”). I thought this was a good example that visibly displayed how albedo affects a surface, therefore, how cryoconite affects a surface. While cryoconite may have some positive aspects, the glaciers would be better off without it, and even last longer. It even looks prettier without it!

Athabasca Glacier from a distance (June 2024).
Athabasca Glacier up close (June 2024).

Works Cited

Baccolo, Giovanni. “Did You Know… the Surface of Melting Glaciers Is One of the Most Radioactive Places on Earth?” Cryospheric Sciences, 29 May 2020, blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2020/05/29/did-you-know-the-surface-of-melting-glaciers-is-one-of-the-most-radioactive-places-on-earth/#:~:text=Due%20to%20its%20colour%2C%20it. Accessed 7 July 2024.

“What Is Albedo?” My NASA Data, 10 Aug. 2020, mynasadata.larc.nasa.gov/mini-lessonactivity/what-albedo#:~:text=Albedo%20is%20the%20fraction%20of.